منابع
فرجی، عبدالله و رحیمی، نفیسه. (1403). پایش خطر سیل خرداد 1402 استان زنجان با استفاده از تصاویر سنتینل-1. سنجش از دور و GIS ایران، doi: 10.48308/gisj.2024.234929.1210
کیانی مجد، مهناز، نهتانی، محمد، دهمرده قلعه‌نو، محمدرضا، و شیخ زهرا. (1402). شبیه‌سازی رواناب حوضه‌های آبخیز مناطق خشک در مقیاس ماهانه با استفاده از مدل SWAT (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز لار).
مدیریت حوزه آبخیز، ۱۴ (۲۷) :۱۴۵-۱۳۵. doi:
10.61186/jwmr.14.27.135
مسواری، محدثه و شاه حسینی، رضا. (1403). شناسایی و قطعه‌بندی مناطق متاثر از سیلاب به کمک تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و روش‌های یادگیری عمیق. مهندسی آبیاری و آب ایران، 14(3): 342-357. doi: 10.22125/iwe.2023.398951.1721
میرزایی، شهناز، سعدالدین، امیر، بهره‌مند، عبدالرضا، اونق، مجید، و مصطفی‌زاده، رئوف. (1404). هزینه‌های مستقیم-ملموس در پهنه‌های سیلابی شبیه‌سازی شده با مدل هیدرولیکی دو بعدی HEC-RAS رودخانة ارازکوسه استان گلستان. مدل‌سازی و مدیریت آب و خاک، 5(1): 57-74. doi:10.22098/MMWS.2024.14501.1410
References
Carreño Conde, F., & De Mata Muñoz, M. (2019). Flood monitoring based on the study of Sentinel-1 SAR images: The Ebro River case study. Water, 11(12), 2454. doi: 10.3390/w11122454
Ezzine, A., Darragi, F., Rajhi, H., & Ghatassi, A. (2018). Evaluation of Sentinel-1 data for flood mapping in the upstream of Sidi Salem dam (Northern Tunisia). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(8), 170. doi:10.1007/s12517-018-3505-7
Faraji, A. & Rahimi, N. (2024). Flood risk Monitoring of June 1402 in Zanjan province using Sentinel-1 images. Iranian Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS. doi: 10.48308/gisj.2024.234929.1210 [In Persian]
Garg, S., Dasgupta, A., Motagh, M., Martinis, S., & Selvakumaran, S. (2024). Unlocking the full potential of Sentinel-1 for flood detection in arid regions. Remote Sensing of Environment, 315, 114417. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114417
Ghoneim, E., & Foody, G. M. (2013). Assessing flash flood hazard in an arid mountainous region. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6, 1191–1202. doi: 10.1007/s12517-011-0411-7
Halder, T., Chakraborty, D., Pal, R., Sarkar, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Roy, N., & Karforma, S. (2024). A hybrid approach for water body identification from satellite images using NDWI mapping and histogram of gradients. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 1–10. doi: 10.1007/s11334-021-00414-6
Henry, J. B., Chastanet, P., Fellah, K., & Desnos, Y. L. (2006). Envisat multi‐polarized ASAR data for flood mapping. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(10), 1921-1929. doi:10.1080/01431160500486724
Huang, M., & Jin, S. (2022). Backscatter characteristics analysis for flood mapping using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 images. Remote Sensing, 14(15), 3838. doi:10.3390/rs14153838
Jahangir, E., Faryadras, F., & Derakhshan, H. (2025). Detection of Flood Affected Areas Using Radar and Optical Images in the January 2020 Flood in Chabahar City. Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief, 17(3), 138-142.
Jiang, W., Ni, Y., Pang, Z., He, G., Fu, J., Lu, J., ... & Lei, T. (2020). A new index for identifying water body from Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing imagery. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 3, 33–38. doi: 10.5194/isprs-annals-V-3-2020-33-2020
Kiyani, M. M., Nohtani, M., Dehmardeh, G. N. M. R., & Shikh, Z. (2023). Simulating the runoff of watersheds in dry areas on a monthly scale using the SWAT model (Case study: Lar Watershed). Journal of watershed Management Research, 135-145. doi: 10.61186/jwmr.14.27.135 [In Persian]
Li, W., Li, D., & Fang, Z. N. (2023). Intercomparison of automated near-real-time flood mapping algorithms using satellite data and DEM-based methods: A case study of 2022 Madagascar flood. Hydrology, 10(1), 17. doi: 10.3390/hydrology10010017
Lian, T., Xin, X., Peng, Z., Li, F., Zhang, H., Yu, S., & Liu, H. (2022). Estimating evapotranspiration over heterogeneous surface with Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 data: A case study in Heihe River Basin. Remote Sensing, 14(6), 1349. doi: 10.3390/rs14061349
Liao, P. S., Chen, T. S., & Chung, P. C. (2001). A fast algorithm for multilevel thresholding. Journal of Information Science and Engineering, 17(5), 713–727. doi: 10.6688/JISE.2001.17.5.1
Ma, C., Li, X., & McCabe, M. F. (2020). Retrieval of high-resolution soil moisture through combination of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. Remote Sensing, 12(14), 2303. doi: 10.3390/rs12142303
Mahmoud, S. H., & Gan, T. Y. (2018). Multi-criteria approach to develop flood susceptibility maps in arid regions of Middle East. Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 216–229. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.047
Martinis, S., Plank, S., & Ćwik, K. (2018). The use of Sentinel-1 time-series data to improve flood monitoring in arid areas. Remote Sensing, 10(4), 583. doi: 10.3390/rs10040583
McFeeters, S. K. (1996). The use of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17(7), 1425–1432. doi:10.1080/01431169608948714
Mehmood, H., Conway, C., & Perera, D. (2021). Mapping of flood areas using Landsat with Google Earth Engine cloud platform. Atmosphere, 12(7), 866. doi: 10.3390/atmos12070866
Mesvari, M. & Shah-Hoseini, R. (2024). Detection and segmentation of flood-affected areas using satellite images and deep learning methods. Irrigation and Water Engineering, 14(3), 342-357. doi: 10.22125/iwe.2023.398951.1721 [In Persian]
Mirzaei, Sh., Sadoddin, A., Bahremand, A., Ownegh, M., & Mostafazadeh, R. (2025). Direct-tangible costs in flood zones simulated using the HEC-RAS 2-D hydraulic model – the Arazkuseh River, Golestan Province, Water and Soil Management and Modeling, 5(1), 57-74. doi:10.22098/MMWS.2024.14501.1410 [In Persian]
OTSU, N. (1979). A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 9(1), 62–66.
Panahi, M., Rahmati, O., Kalantari, Z., Darabi, H., Rezaie, F., Moghaddam, D. D., ... & Lee, S. (2022). Large-scale dynamic flood monitoring in an arid-zone floodplain using SAR data and hybrid machine-learning models. Journal of Hydrology, 611, 128001. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128001
Petropoulos, G. P., Georgiadi, A., & Kalogeropoulos, K. (2024). Leveraging Sentinel-2 and Geographical Information Systems in Mapping Flooded Regions around the Sesia River, Piedmont, Italy. GeoHazards, 5(2), 485-503. doi:10.3390/geohazards5020025
Richards, J. A., & Jia, X. (2006). Remote sensing digital image analysis: An introduction (4th ed.). Springer.
Santecchia, G. S., Revollo Sarmiento, G. N., Genchi, S. A., Vitale, A. J., & Delrieux, C. A. (2023). Assessment of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Water Indices: A Case Study in the Southwest of the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Journal of imaging, 9(9), 186. doi:10.3390/jimaging9090186
Sheikh, Z., Nia, A. M., & Ganjali, M. (2024). Climate change and anthropogenic effects on the drying of a saline lake in an arid region (Namak Lake, Iran). Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 155, 715–734. doi: 10.1007/s00704-023-04622-x
Sheikh, Z., Yazdani, M. R., & Moghaddam Nia, A. (2020). Spatiotemporal changes of 7-day low flow in Iran’s Namak Lake Basin: Impacts of climatic and human factors. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 139(1), 57–73. doi: 10.1007/s00704-018-02501-1
Sheikh, Z., Zolfaghari, A. A., Raeesi, M., & others. (2025). Enhancing flash flood susceptibility modeling in arid regions: Integrating digital soil mapping and machine learning algorithms. Environmental Earth Sciences, 84, 170. doi: 10.1007/s12665-025-12140-4
Singh, S., & Kansal, M. L. (2022). Chamoli flash-flood mapping and evaluation with a supervised classifier and NDWI thresholding using Sentinel-2 optical data in Google earth engine. Earth Science Informatics, 15(2), 1073-1086. doi: 10.1007/s12145-021-00651-4
Tan, J., Tang, Y., Liu, B., Zhao, G., Mu, Y., Sun, M., & Wang, B. (2023). A self-adaptive thresholding approach for automatic water extraction using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery based on OTSU algorithm and distance block. Remote Sensing, 15(10), 2690. doi: 10.3390/rs15102690
Tarpanelli, A., Mondini, A. C., & Camici, S. (2022). Effectiveness of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 for flood detection assessment in Europe. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 22(8), 2473-2489. doi:10.5194/nhess-22-2473-2022
Tran, K. H., Menenti, M., & Jia, L. (2022). Surface water mapping and flood monitoring in the Mekong Delta using sentinel-1 SAR time series and Otsu threshold. Remote Sensing, 14(22), 5721. doi:10.3390/rs14225721
Wang, X., Ling, F., Yao, H., Liu, Y., & Xu, S. (2019). Unsupervised Sub-Pixel Water Body Mapping with Sentinel-3 OLCI Image. Remote Sensing, 11(3). 327. doi: 10.3390/rs11030327
Yang, X., Li, Y., Wei, Y., Chen, Z., & Xie, P. (2020). Water body extraction from sentinel-3 image with multiscale spatiotemporal super-resolution mapping. Water, 12(9), 2605. doi: 10.3390/w12092605
Yilmaz, O. S., Gulgen, F., Balik Sanli, F., & Ates, A. M. (2023). The performance analysis of different water indices and algorithms using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images in determining water surface: Demirkopru dam case study. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48(6), 7883–7903. doi: 10.1007/s13369-022-07583-x
Zhang, M., Chen, F., Liang, D., Tian, B., & Yang, A. (2020). Use of Sentinel-1 GRD SAR images to delineate flood extent in Pakistan. Sustainability, 12(14), 5784. doi: 10.3390/su12145784
)