منابع
امین املشی، مسعود، قدس خواه، مهرداد، بنیاد، امیراسلام، پوربابایی، حسن، جعفری، مصطفی، و غلامی، وحید (1394). ارزیابی مقدار مواد سوختنی پس از آتش‌سوزی در جنگل‌کاری‌های کاج تدا با استفاده از خط‌نمونه و روش FLM (مطالعه موردی: جنگل‌کاری‌های تَخسَم در استان گیلان). تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران، 23(3 (پیاپی 3))، 572-562. doi:10.22092/ijfpr.2015.105660
جان‌بزرگی، محمد، حنیفه‌پور، مهین، و خسروی، حسن (1400). تغییرات زمانی خشکسالی هواشناسی-هیدرولوژیکی (مطالعه موردی: استان گیلان).
مدل‌سازی و مدیریت آب و خاک، 1(2)، 13-1.
doi:10.22098/mmws.2021.1215
جهدی، رقیه (1402). آتش‌سوزی‌ها در توده‌های جنگل‌کاری تنک‌شده و تنک‌نشده در شمال ایران. جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی، 12(1)، 101-87. doi:10.22067/geoeh.2022.74988.1164
جهدی، رقیه (1401). ارزیابی درک خطر و اقدامات موثر برای کاهش آسیب آتش در منطقه جنگلی سیاهکل در استان گیلان. پژوهش‌های محیط‌زیست، 13(26)، 187-173. doi:10.22034/EIAP.2023.169985
صدیقی پاشاکی، محدثه، قدس خواه دریایی، مهرداد، حیدری، مهدی عادل، محمد نقی، و صادق کوهستانی، جواد (1393). اثرآتش‌سوزی روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در جنگل‌های استان گیلان (مطالعه موردی: منطقه سراوان). پژوهش‌های آبخیزداری، 27(3)، 106-96. doi:10.22092/wmej.2014.106897
عزیزی، قاسم، و یوسفی، یداله (1388). گرمباد (باد فون) و آتش‌سوزی جنگل در استان‌های مازندران و گیلان (نمونه: آتش‌سوزی تاریخ 25-30 آذر 1384). تحقیقات جغرافیایی، 24(1)، 28-3. https://www.sid.ir/paper/30011/fa
References
Adams, V.M., Chauvenet, A.L.M., Stoudmann, N., Gurney, G.G., Brockington, D., & Kuempel, C.D. (2023). Multiple-use protected areas are critical to equitable and effective conservation. One Earth, 6 (9), 1173-1189.
Amin Amlashi, M., Ghodskhah, M., Bonyad, A.I., Pourbabaei, H., Jafari, M., & Gholami, V. (2015). Evaluation of fuel load following fire in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations using line sampling and of FLM method (Case study: Takhsam plantations in Guilan Province). Forest and Poplar Research, 23(3), 562-572. doi:10.22092/ijfpr.2015.105660 [In Persian]
Azizi, G.H., & Yousofi, Y. (2009). Foehn and forest fire in Mazandaran and Gilan provinces a case study: the forest fire from December 16 - 21, 2005. Geographical Research, 24(1), 3-28. https://sid.ir/paper/30011/en [In Persian]
Benali, A., Sá, A.C.L., Pinho, J., Fernandes, P.M., & Pereira, J.M.C. (2021). Understanding the impact of different landscape-level fuel management strategies on wildfire hazard in central Portugal. Forests, 12, 1–24.
Bradley, C.M., Hanson, C.T., & DellaSala, D.A. (2016). Does increased forest protection correspond to higher fire severity in frequent-fire forests of the western United States? Ecosphere, 7(10), e01492.
Brooks, M.L., Minnich, R., & Matchett, J.R. (2018). “Southeastern deserts bioregion,” in Fire in California’s Ecosystems, 2nd Edn, eds J.W. Van Wagtendonk, N.G. Sugihara, S.L. Stephens, A.E. Thode, K.E. Shaffer, and J. Fites-Kaufman (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press).
Buonanduci, M.S., Donato, D.C., Halofsky, J.S., Kennedy, M.C., & Harvey, B.J. (2024). Few large or many small fires: using spatial scaling of severe fire to quantify effects of fire‑size distribution shifts. Ecosphere, 15(6), e4875. doi:10.1002/ecs2.4875
Cao, Y., Wang, M., & Liu, K. (2017). Wildfire susceptibility assessment in southern China: A Comparison of Multiple Methods. Disaster Risk Science, 8, 164–181. doi:10.1007/s13753-017-0129-6
Catry, F.X., Rego, F.C., Bação, F.L., & Moreira, F. (2009). Modeling and mapping wildfire ignition risk in Portugal. Wildland Fire, 18, 921–931. doi:10.1071/WF07123
Cleef, L., Yang, M., Bouchaut, B., & Reniers, G. (2024). Fire risk assessment tools for the built environment - An explorative study through a developers’ survey.
Fire Safety, 146, 104169.
doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104169
D’Este, M., Ganga, A., Elia, M., Lovreglio, R., Giannico, V., Spano, G., Colangelo, G., Lafortezza, R., & Sanesi, G. (2020). Modeling fire ignition probability and frequency using Hurdle models: a cross-regional study in Southern Europe. Ecological Processes, 9, 54. doi:10.1186/s13717-020-00263-4
Dawid, P., Earman, J., Howson, C., Miller, D., & Sober, E. (2005). Bayes's theorem, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Depicker, A., De Baets, B., & Baetens, J.M. (2020). Wildfire ignition probability in Belgium. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20, 363–376. doi:10.5194/nhess-20-363-2020
Dinerstein, E., Vynne, C., Sala, E., Joshi, A.R., Fernando, S., Lovejoy, T.E., Mayorga, J., Olson, D., Asner, G.P., Baillie, J.E.M., Burgess, N.D., Burkart, K., Noss, R.F., Zhang, Y.P., Baccini, A., Birch, T., Hahn, N., Joppa, L.N., & Wikramanayake, E. (2019). A global deal for nature: guiding principles, milestones, and targets.
Science Advances, 5, eaaw2869.
doi:10.1126/sciadv. aaw2869
Dorph, A., Marshall, E., Parkins, K.A., & Penman, T.D. (2022). Modelling ignition probability for human- and lightning-caused wildfires in Victoria, Australia.
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 22, 3487–3499,
doi:10.5194/nhess-22-3487-2022
Edwards, R.B., Naylor, R.L., Higgins, M.W., & Falcon, W.P. (2020). Causes of Indonesia’s forest fires. World Development, 127, 104717. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104717
Fadaei, Z., Kavian, A., Solaimani, K., Sarabsoreh, L. Z., Kalehhouei, M., Zuazo, V.H.D., & Rodrigo-Comino, J. (2022). The Response of soil physicochemical properties in the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran to forest fire events. Fire, 5(6), 195. doi:10.3390/fire5060195
Finney, M.A. (2006). An overview of FlamMap fire modeling capabilities, in: fuels management-how to measure success: Conference Proceedings, edited by: Andrews, P. L., Butler, B. W., and comps, RMRS-P-41. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Portland, OR, 213–220.
https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/25948
Fisher, J., Allen, S., Woomer, A., & Crawford, A. (2023). Protected areas under pressure: An online survey of protected area managers regarding social and environmental conservation target attainment and stakeholder conflicts.
World Development Sustainability, 3, 100084.
doi: 10.1016/j.wds.2023.100084
González-Pelayo, O., Prats, S.A., van den Elsen, E., Malvar, M.C., Ritsema, C., Bautista, S., & Keizer, J.J. (2024). The effects of wildfire frequency on post-fire soil surface water dynamics. Forest Research, 143, 493–508. doi:10.1007/s10342-023-01635-z
Guo, F., Su, Z., Wang, G., Sun, L., Tigabu, M., Yang, X., & Hu, H. (2017). Understanding fire drivers and relative impacts in different Chinese forest ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 605-606, 411-425.
Hardy, C. (2005). Wildland fire hazard and risk: problems, definitions, and context. Forest Ecology and Management, 211, 73-82.
doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.029
Islam, S.M.T. (2023). UAS Path Planning for Dynamical Wildfire Monitoring with Uneven Importance. Ph.D. Dissertation, Georgia State University. 105 pp.
doi:10.57709/35860180
Jahdi, R. (2023a). Wildfires in thinned versus unthinned plantation-type stands in Northern Iran.
Geography and Environmental Hazards, 12(1), 87-101.
doi:10.22067/geoeh.2022.74988.1164 [In Persian]
Jahdi, R. (2023b). Assessment of risk perception and effective fire mitigation measures in Siahkal forest area in Guilan Province. Environmental Researches, 13(26), 173-187. doi:10.22034/EIAP.2023.169985 [In Persian]
Jahdi, R., Salis, M., Alcasena, F., & Del Giudice, L. (2023). Assessing the effectiveness of silvicultural treatments on fire behavior in the Hyrcanian Temperate Forests of Northern Iran. Environmental Management, 72, 682–697. doi:10.1007/s00267-023-01785-1
Janbozorgi, M., Hanifepour, M., & Khosravi, H. (2021). Temporal changes in meteorological-hydrological drought (Case study: Guilan Province). Water and Soil Management and Modeling, 1 (2), 1-13. doi:10.22098/mmws.2021.1215 [In Persian]
Klinger, R., Underwood, E.C., McKinley, R., & Brooks, M.L. (2021). Contrasting geographic patterns of ignition probability and burn severity in the Mojave Desert.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 593167.
doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.593167
Korb, J.E., Fornwalt, P.J., & Stevens-Rumann, C.S. (2019). What drives ponderosa pine regeneration following wildfire in the western United States? Forest Ecology and Management, 454, 117663. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117663
Lesmeister, D.B., Sovern, S.G., Davis, R.J., Bell, D. M., Gregory, M.J., & Vogeler, J.C. (2019). Mixed-severity wildfire and habitat of an old-forest obligate.
Ecosphere, 10 (4), e02696.
doi:10.1002/ecs2.2696.
Lucas-Borja, M.E., Plaza-Alvarez, P.A., Xu, X., Carra, B.G., & Zema, D.A. (2023). Exploring the factors influencing the hydrological response of soil after low and high-severity fires with post-fire mulching in Mediterranean forests. Soil and Water Conservation Research, 11(1), 169-182.
doi: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.08.002
McCarthy, J., Tyukavina, S., Weisse, M., & Harris, N. (2024). New data confirms: forest fires are getting worse. World Resource Institute. Accessed November 17, 2024.
McLauchlan, K.K., Higuera, P.E., Miesel, J., Rogers, B.M., Schweitzer, J., Shuman, J.K., Tepley, A.J., Varner, J.M., Veblen, T.T., Adalsteinsson, S.A., Balch, J.K., Baker, P., Batllori, E., Bigio, E., Brando, P., Cattau, M., Chipman, M.L., Coen, J., Crandall, R., Daniels, L., et al. (2020). Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers.
Ecology, 108(5), 2047-2069.
doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13403
Mishra, B., Panthi, S., Poudel, S., & Ghimire, B.R. (2023). Forest fire pattern and vulnerability mapping using deep learning in Nepal.
Fire Ecology, 19(3), 1-15.
doi:10.1186/s42408-022-00162-3
Morovati, M., & Karami, P. (2024). Modeling the seasonal wildfire cycle and its possible effects on the distribution of focal species in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. PloS one, 19(10), e0312552.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312552
Mulverhill, C., Coops, N.C., Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Hermosilla, T., & Bater, C.W. (2024). Multidecadal mapping of status and trends in annual burn probability over Canada's forested ecosystems. ISPRS Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 209, 279-295.
Nieman, W.A., Van Wilgen, B.W., Radloff, F. G., Tambling, C.J., & Leslie, A.J. (2022). The effects of fire frequency on vegetation structure and mammal assemblages in a savannah-woodland system.
African Journal of Ecology, 60(3), 407–422.
doi:10.1111/aje.12971
Radford, D.A.G., Maier, H.R., van Delden, H., Zecchin, A.C., & Jeanneau, A. (2024).
Predicting burn probability: Dimensionality reduction strategies enable accurate and computationally efficient metamodeling.
Journal of Environmental Management, 371, 123086.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123086
Roman, M., Zubieta, R., Ccanchi, Y., Martínez, A., Paucar, Y., Alvarez, S., Loayza, J., & Ayala, F. (2024). Seasonal effects of wildfires on the physical and chemical properties of soil in Andean grassland ecosystems in Cusco, Peru: Pending Challenges. Fire, 7(7), 259. doi:10.3390/fire7070259
Rothermel, R.C. (1972). A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels; research paper INT-115; USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: Ogden, UT, USA.
Sakellariou, S., Sfougaris, A., Christopoulou, O., & Tampekis, S. (2022). Integrated wildfire risk assessment of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems based on simulation modeling and remotely sensed data fusion.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 78, 103129.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103129
Salavati, G., Saniei, E., Ghaderpour, E., & Hassan, Q.K. (2022). Wildfire risk forecasting using weights of evidence and statistical index models. Sustainability, 14, 3881. doi:10.3390/su14073881
Shahzad, F., Mehmood, K., Hussain, K. Haidar I, Anees SA, Muhammad S, Ali J, Adnan M, Wang Z, & Feng Z. (2024). Comparing machine learning algorithms to predict vegetation fire detections in Pakistan. Fire Ecology, 20(57) 1-20. doi:10.1186/s42408-024-00289-5
Siddiqui Pashaki, M., QudsKhah Daryayi, M., Heydari, M., Adel, M.N., & Sadegh Kohestani, J. (2014). Effect of fire on some physical and chemical properties of soil in Guilan province forests (case study: Saravan). Watershed Management Researach, 27(3), 96-106. doi:10.22092/wmej.2014.106897 [In Persian]
Singh, S. (2022). Forest fire emissions: a contribution to global climate change.
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 5, 925480.
doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.925480
Tagestad, J., Brooks, M. L., Cullinan, V., Downs, J., & McKinley, R. (2016). Precipitation regime classification for the Mojave Desert: implications for fire occurrence.
Journal of Arid Environments, 124, 388–397.
doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.09.002
Thompson, M.P., Vogler, K.C., Scott, J.H., & Miller, C. (2022). Comparing risk-based fuel treatment prioritization with alternative strategies for enhancing protection and resource management objectives. Fire Ecology, 18, 26. doi:10.1186/s42408-022-00149-0
Tian, X., Cui, W., & Shu, L. (2020). Evaluating fire management effectiveness with a burn probability model in Daxing’anling, China.
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 50(7), 670-679.
doi:10.1139/cjfr-2019-0413
UNEP-WCMC., & IUCN. (2020). Protected planet report 2020. https://livereport.protectedplanet.net/.
Vakili, M., Shakeri, Z., Motahari, S., Farahani, M., Robbins, Z.J., & Scheller, R.M. (2021). Resistance and resilience of Hyrcanian mixed forests under natural and anthropogenic disturbances.
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4, 640451.
doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.640451
Villarreal, M.L., Norman, L.M., Yao, E.H., & Conrad, C.R. (2022). Wildfire probability models calibrated using past human and lightning ignition patterns can inform mitigation of post-fire hydrologic hazards.
Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 13(1), 568–590.
doi:10.1080/19475705.2022.2039787
WWF. (2022). Living planet report 2022 - building a nature-positive society. Almond, R.E.A., Grooten, M., Juffe Bignoli, D. & Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.
Zambon, I., Cerdà, A., Cudlin, P., Serra, P., Pili, S., & Salvati, L. (2019). Road network and the spatial distribution of wildfires in the Valencian community (1993–2015). Agriculture, 9(5), 100. doi:10.3390/agriculture9050100
Zhang, Z., Yang, S., Wang, G., Wang, W., Xia, H., Sun, S., & Guo, F. (2022). Evaluation of geographically weighted logistic model and mixed effect model in forest fire prediction in northeast China.
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 5, 1040408.
doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.1040408
Ziegler, J.P., Hoffman, C.M., Fornwalt, P.J., Sieg, C.H., Battaglia, M.A., Chambers, M.E., & Iniguez, J.M. (2017). Tree regeneration spatial patterns in Ponderosa Pine forests following stand-replacing fire: influence of topography and neighbors. Forests, 8(10), 391. doi:10.3390/f8100391
)