تأثیر نانو زغال زیستی بر سینتیک و هم‌دمای جذب کادمیوم در خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهوار، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهوار، اهواز، ایران

3 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

آلودگی خاک با فلزات سنگین مانند کادمیوم به یک نگرانی محیط زیستی جهانی تبدیل شده است. نانو زغال زیستی می‌تواند از مؤثرترین اصلاح‌کننده‌های خاک باشند، اما اهمیت آن‌ها در اصلاح خاک‌های آلودة آهکی به خوبی شناخته نشده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر نانو زغال زیستی نی بر سینتیک و هم‌دمای جذب کادمیوم در خاک آلودة آهکی بود. نانو زغال زیستی نی با روش آسیاب گلوله‌ای تهیه و سپس ویژگی‌های آن اندازه‌گیری شد. برای بررسی تأثیر نانو زغال زیستی در خاک، یک آزمایش انکوباسیون با سه نوع جاذب شامل زغال زیستی نی، زغال زیستی نی اصلاح شده با کلرید آهن و نانو زغال زیستی، در سه سطح کاربرد شامل صفر، 5/0 و یک درصد وزنی/وزنی در سه تکرار به‌مدت 60 روز در دمای 25 درجة سلسیوس انجام شد. پس از پایان دورة انکوباسیون، برخی ویژگی‌های خاک اندازه‌گیری شد و آزمایش هم‌دمای جذب کادمیوم (غلظت‌های صفر تا 50 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و سینتیک جذب کادمیوم (زمان‌های 5/0 تا 48 ساعت) انجام شد. سپس داده‌های آزمایش با مدل‌های سینتیک و هم‌دمای جذب به‌صورت غیرخطی برازش داده شد و پارامترهای مدل‌ها محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد کاهش اندازة زغال زیستی به نانو سبب افزایش سطح ویژه و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی شد. کاربرد نانو زغال زیستی در سطح یک درصد سبب افزایش درصد مادة آلی خاک شد. نانو زغال زیستی نی در سطح 5/0 و یک درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به‌ترتیب سبب افزایش 02/33 و 02/83 درصد از مادة آلی خاک شد. نانو زغال زیستی بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر جذب کادمیوم در خاک داشت. مدل لانگمویر نسبت به رابطة فروندلیچ و تمکین برازش بهتری بر داده‌های آزمایش داشت. حداکثر ظرفیت جذب کادمیوم (qmax) با کاربرد جاذب‌ها افزایش داشت و بیش‌ترین ظرفیت جذب در تیمار یک درصد نانو زغال زیستی با مقدار 1048 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم مشاهده شد. مدل سینتیکی شبه درجة دوم با توجه به ضریب تبیین بالا (R2) و خطای استاندارد پایین (SE) برازش بهتری بر داده‌های سینتیکی جذب داشت. ظرفیت جذب کادمیوم (qe) با کاربرد جاذب‌ها در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت و این افزایش در سطح نانو زغال زیستی یک درصد بیش‌تر از سطح 5/0 درصد بود. به‌طورکلی کاربرد نانو زغال زیستی تولید شده توسط آسیاب گلوله‌ای، در جذب کادمیوم توسط خاک آلودة آهکی مؤثرتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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