Document Type : Special Issue: New Approaches to Water and Soil Management and Modeling
Authors
1
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Science and Humanities, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia
2
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Science and Humanities, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
3
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies., College of Social Science and Humanities, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
Abstract
Rapid population growth has accelerated urbanization, significantly altering land use and land cover in peri-urban areas. This study examines the urban expansion of Wolaita Sodo Town in South Ethiopia over the past two decades (2003–2023) and its socio-economic and environmental implications. A longitudinal research design was employed, combining remote sensing and GIS-based analysis of Landsat satellite imagery from 2003, 2013, and 2023 with qualitative insights from key informant interviews to assess land cover dynamics and community-level impacts. The results show that the built-up area expanded from 4,654 ha (10.8%) in 2003 to 7,914.9 ha (18.4%) in 2013 and further to 11,681.5 ha (27.2%) in 2023, while agricultural land declined from 35,891.9 ha (83.5%) in 2003 to 28,389.8 ha (66%) in 2023. Over the study period, the average annual rate of urban expansion increased from 326.09 ha/year (2003–2013) to 376.66 ha/year (2013–2023), with an overall rate of 702.75 ha/year across the 20 years. This rapid urban growth has led to large-scale land expropriations, disproportionately affecting peri-urban farmers whose agricultural lands were converted into residential, industrial, and infrastructure zones. As a result, agricultural productivity has declined, forcing many affected households to transition into low-paying informal sector jobs, contributing to economic instability and increased vulnerability. The study highlights the urgent need for integrated urban planning and sustainable land management strategies to mitigate these adverse impacts. In particular, improving compensation mechanisms for displaced communities, ensuring equitable land policies, and enhancing access to essential services are crucial for promoting resilience. The findings emphasize the importance of adopting a holistic approach to urban development that balances the needs of expanding cities with environmental conservation efforts.
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