Integrating geodetic technology with legal governance for global monitoring of water and soil dynamics: Kalman filter and inverse modeling approaches

The need for accurate, reliable geodetic data has never been greater, particularly as water and soil systems face growing threats from global challenges such as agricultural development, land deformation, and flood vulnerability. This study examines the integration of advanced geodetic systems with international legal frameworks to support collaborative and cross-border environmental monitoring, with specific implications for water and soil management. An innovative five-component methodology was developed, comprising data acquisition, standardization, sharing, analytical processing, and model integration aimed at enhancing data accuracy and interoperability for hydrological and soil-related applications. Techniques such as Kalman filtering, inverse modeling, covariance analysis, and PSD-based spectral decomposition were employed to reduce uncertainty and isolate critical environmental signals. Kalman filtering–augmented time series analysis reduced uncertainty in sea-level estimates by 38%, achieving millimeter-level precision. Tectonic frequencies down to 0.05 Hz were detected, enhancing the monitoring of land deformation processes. Inverse modeling produced a 42% reduction in uncertainty for glacial and groundwater mass loss estimates, directly informing water resource assessments. GNSS displacement vectors improved land deformation risk models by 53%, while altimetry-based sea-level trends increased forecasting accuracy by 50%, benefiting coastal water management. Standardization mitigated data variability, and international legal mechanisms including agreements and licensing protocols, enabled broader data access and institutional collaboration. Elevation data strengthened flood vulnerability assessments by 52%, and cryosphere modeling experienced a 53% error reduction in mass balance estimates. The Combined Earth System Model, integrating global geodetic inputs, achieved a maximum accuracy gain of 54%. This study highlights that embedding legal infrastructures within scientific geodetic modeling enhances the governance, reliability, and equity of water and soil monitoring systems across national boundaries.



The need for accurate, reliable geodetic data has never been greater, particularly as water and soil systems face growing threats from global challenges such as agricultural development, land deformation, and flood vulnerability. This study examines the integration of advanced geodetic systems with international legal frameworks to support collaborative and cross-border environmental monitoring, with specific implications for water and soil management. An innovative five-component methodology was developed, comprising data acquisition, standardization, sharing, analytical processing, and model integration aimed at enhancing data accuracy and interoperability for hydrological and soil-related applications. Techniques such as Kalman filtering, inverse modeling, covariance analysis, and PSD-based spectral decomposition were employed to reduce uncertainty and isolate critical environmental signals. Kalman filtering–augmented time series analysis reduced uncertainty in sea-level estimates by 38%, achieving millimeter-level precision. Tectonic frequencies down to 0.05 Hz were detected, enhancing the monitoring of land deformation processes. Inverse modeling produced a 42% reduction in uncertainty for glacial and groundwater mass loss estimates, directly informing water resource assessments. GNSS displacement vectors improved land deformation risk models by 53%, while altimetry-based sea-level trends increased forecasting accuracy by 50%, benefiting coastal water management. Standardization mitigated data variability, and international legal mechanisms including agreements and licensing protocols, enabled broader data access and institutional collaboration. Elevation data strengthened flood vulnerability assessments by 52%, and cryosphere modeling experienced a 53% error reduction in mass balance estimates. The Combined Earth System Model, integrating global geodetic inputs, achieved a maximum accuracy gain of 54%. This study highlights that embedding legal infrastructures within scientific geodetic modeling enhances the governance, reliability, and equity of water and soil monitoring systems across national boundaries.



The need for accurate, reliable geodetic data has never been greater, particularly as water and soil systems face growing threats from global challenges such as agricultural development, land deformation, and flood vulnerability. This study examines the integration of advanced geodetic systems with international legal frameworks to support collaborative and cross-border environmental monitoring, with specific implications for water and soil management. An innovative five-component methodology was developed, comprising data acquisition, standardization, sharing, analytical processing, and model integration aimed at enhancing data accuracy and interoperability for hydrological and soil-related applications. Techniques such as Kalman filtering, inverse modeling, covariance analysis, and PSD-based spectral decomposition were employed to reduce uncertainty and isolate critical environmental signals. Kalman filtering–augmented time series analysis reduced uncertainty in sea-level estimates by 38%, achieving millimeter-level precision. Tectonic frequencies down to 0.05 Hz were detected, enhancing the monitoring of land deformation processes. Inverse modeling produced a 42% reduction in uncertainty for glacial and groundwater mass loss estimates, directly informing water resource assessments. GNSS displacement vectors improved land deformation risk models by 53%, while altimetry-based sea-level trends increased forecasting accuracy by 50%, benefiting coastal water management. Standardization mitigated data variability, and international legal mechanisms including agreements and licensing protocols, enabled broader data access and institutional collaboration. Elevation data strengthened flood vulnerability assessments by 52%, and cryosphere modeling experienced a 53% error reduction in mass balance estimates. The Combined Earth System Model, integrating global geodetic inputs, achieved a maximum accuracy gain of 54%. This study highlights that embedding legal infrastructures within scientific geodetic modeling enhances the governance, reliability, and equity of water and soil monitoring systems across national boundaries.national boundaries.national boundaries.