Investigating the combined effect of different types of irrigation methods and planting rows on the yield and water productivity of pinto beans under different levels of irrigation

Abstract

Introduction

Beans are the largest source of human food after cereals, and beans are considered one of the most important legumes in the world and Iran. Beans are one of the most important types of legumes from the economic and nutritional point of view. The amount of beans required is 250 thousand tons and its production in the country is between 270 and 280 thousand tons. The cultivated area of beans in Iran is more than 100 thousand hectares and has a production of more than 200 thousand tons. Markazi province with 24,713 hectares is the second most fertile province in the country. On average, beans contain 20-23% protein and have a high nutritional value in the diet, which can be considered a good substitute for meat, especially in low-income areas. Agricultural mechanization is considered as a basic approach in the production of agricultural products. With the development of mechanized row planting of beans, one of the most important issues among farmers is determining the right row on the ridge. In many countries that produce beans, including Latin American countries, the planting method of this product is in rows or stacks in the fields. However, the dominant cultivation method in Iran is flat or linear cultivation, and with the development of drip-tape irrigation in recent years, a change in the cultivation method is necessary. The present research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of deficit irrigation on the yield of beans in two methods of drip-tape and furrow irrigation under two and three-row cultivation methods on the ridge.

Materials and Methods

In order to investigate the effect of full irrigation and deficit irrigation on the yield of beans and its components in two methods of drip-tape irrigation and furrow irrigation in two-row and three-row planting conditions, this research was carried out. This experiment was conducted in the years 2015 and 2016 at the National Research Station of Lubia Khomein. This station is located at an altitude of 1930 meters above sea level with a longitude of 49 degrees and 57 minutes and a latitude of 33 degrees and 39 minutes. The experiment was carried out in the form of split split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. Irrigation methods treatment (furrow and drip-tape) was selected as the main factor and different amounts of irrigation water as a secondary factor. Planting method treatments were implemented as a sub-factor. The treatments and irrigation methods included drip-tape and furrow irrigation. Deficit irrigation treatments including irrigation at 100% of the water requirement at 75% of water requirement and irrigation at 55% of the water requirement were considered.

Results and Discussion

The results showed that the effect of irrigation method, the effect of water consumption management, the effect of planting, the interaction effect of planting method and irrigation method, and the interaction effect of planting method and irrigation amount at the level of 5% on seed yield were significant. The seed yield in the drip-tape irrigation method was associated with an increase of 8.8% compared to the furrow irrigation method. The effect of water consumption management showed that the seed yield in the full irrigation treatment with an average of 4245 kg/ha was associated with an increase of 7.7 and 69.8 percent, respectively, compared to the 75 and 55 percent water requirement treatments. Considering that seed yield is a part of the total dry matter produced by the plant, the reduction of plant dry matter under stress conditions can justify a part of the decrease in seed yield. The probable reason for this issue is that at the end of the growth period, due to the lack of available water, the power of transferring nutrients to the seed is reduced which leads to a drop in seed yield. The seed yield in the conditions of two rows of cultivation on each stack had an increase of 20.9% compared to three rows of cultivation on each stack. The mutual effect of planting method and irrigation method on grain yield showed that the drip-strip irrigation method was associated with an average of 2144 kg/ha under the condition of two rows of crops on each stack. The interaction effect of planting method and amount of irrigation on seed yield indicated the superiority of the treatments of two rows of planting on the ridge and full irrigation with an average of 2383 kg/ha. The effect of the year on none of the investigated parameters was significant, which shows that the effect of the uncontrollable factor did not cause a significant difference on the test results.

Conclusion

The combined review of the results regarding productivity shows that two-row crops were less productive than two-row crops, both in furrow irrigation and in drip irrigation, so it is necessary to consider this type of cultivation in every irrigation method. be placed On the other hand, the highest efficiency was observed in 75% of water requirement. Therefore, 75% of the water requirement can be considered to achieve higher physical productivity. Of course, in terms of the amount of yield, the drip method is definitely very profitable and suitable for the farmer, and the farmer can achieve the highest physical water productivity by using the scenario of 75% water requirement and two-row cultivation.