Contribution of two Sioul and Ghadah tributaries in reducing the water quality of the Meimeh River: determination of critical points and remedial solutions

Document Type : Research/Original/Regular Article

Authors

1 Professor/ Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Assistant Professor/ Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran

3 M.Sc. Graduated Student/Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

4 M.Sc. Student/ Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Meymeh River which is located in the southern region of the Ilam Province, Iran, originates from good quality karst aquifer of the Kabir Koh anticline but its water quality decreases during the flow path of the river. The main geological formation at the flow path of the river is Gachsaran formation which partly composed of gypsum and sometimes salty (Halite) rocks. The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of Sioul and Ghadah tributaries in the salinity levels of the Meymeh river water and determining the critical points and also providing remedial solutions for this problem.
Materials and Methods
In order to determine the locations of quality changes along the Meymeh River, several field visits were arranged and finally 35 sampling stations were determined along the river flow path. Monthly sampling and field measurements were schedualed in the selected stations for measuring the discharge, EC and Temperature for the 2016-2017hyrologic year.  After transferring the water samples to the laboratory, their chemical properties including major cations and anions were measured in the central laboratory of Ilam University.
Results and Discussion
Meymeh River has several tributaries and its discharge increases gradually. One of its main tributaries is the Sarkadeh River wich collect mainly the water of sulfur spring and Sioul River. The results showed that the Meymeh River quality gradually decreased along its path after originating from the karst formations and entering the Gachsaran formation, (EC at the source and the final station was measured as 500 and 12500 µs/cm, respectively). The results of mass balance showed that 28% Sulfur Springs, 21% Sioul river and 25% gradual changes by Gachsaran formation are effective in the salinity of the Meymeh River. In other words, about 50% of the Meymeh River’s salinity is due to the impact of the Sarkadeh River.
Conclusion
In order to modify the water quality of the Meymeh River, it is necessary to reduce the impact of tributaries which has the highest undesirable effects on the Meymeh River watre quality. Since the Sarkadeh River has the highest impact on the quality of the Meymeh River, the main action was to enhance the water quality of this branch. For this purpose, by constructing channels along the salinity zones of Sioul river, as well as creation of a water transmission pipe line for transfering the water of sulfur springs to the downstream of the Meymeh dam, can reduced more than 50% of the river water salinity and enhance the EC of the Meymeh River from 12500 (current situation) to 5700 µs/cm (doing above activities).

Keywords

References

Biglari, M.R., Sima, S., & Saadatpour, M. (2019). Modeling and management of the river water quality for aquatic life using a source control approach (case study: The Zarrineh River)., Iranian Journal of Water Resources Research, 14(5), 57-70 (in Persian).
Fathi, E., Zamani, A., Mahmoudi, R., & Zare Bidaki, R. (2018). Evaluation of water quality of Behesht Abad river at the confluence of Shalmzar spring with Koohrang water. Environment and Water Engineering, 4(2), 178-183.
Kaveh, A., Habib Nejadroshan, M., Shahedi, K., & Ghorbani, J. (2013). Investigation of temporal and spatial changes of water quality (Case study: Talar River, Mazandaran province). Water Resources Engineering, 6(18), 49-61.
Khalili, R., Parvinnia, M., & Zali, A. (2020). Water quality assessment of Garmarood River using the national sanitation foundation water quality index (NSFWQI), river pollution index (RPI) and weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI). Environment and Water Engneering, 6(3), 274–284.
Khezri, E. (2017). Investigation of salinity causes of Zohreh Gachsaran river and strategies to prevent it. M.Sc. Thesis, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran (in Persian).
Lu, Y., Song, S., Wang, R., Liu, Z., Meng, J., Sweetman, A.J., Jenkins, A., Ferrier, R.C., Li, H., Luo, W., & Wang, T. (2015). Impacts of soil and water pollution on food safety and health risks in China. Environment International, 77, 5–15.
Moghadasifar, S. (2018). Determining the effective factors in reducing the quality of Maymeh River and presenting cure solutions. M.Sc. Thesis, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran (in Persian).
Mohammadi Behzad, H.R., Kalantari, N., Bigleri, B., & Torabi Kaveh, M. (1395). Investigation of salinity of Zohreh river water downstream of Chamshir dam and its capability for agricultural use. Advanced Applied Geology, 6 (3), 74-83.
Naderi, M.H., Zakerinia, M., & salarijazi, M. (2018). Evaluation of the Influential Factors on Water Quality Components of Qarasoo River in Golestan Province.  Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 12(5), 1240-1252.
Pérez-Gutiérrez, J.D., Paz, J.O., & Tagert, M.L.M. (2017). Seasonal water quality changes in on-farm water storage systems in a south-central U.S. agricultural watershed. Agricultural Water Management, 187, 131–139.
Pettit, N.E., Jardine, T.D., Hamilton, S.K., Sinnamon, V., Valdez, D., Davies, P.M., Douglas, M.M., & Bunn, S.E. (2012). Seasonal changes in water quality and macrophytes and the impact of cattle on tropical floodplain waterholes. Marine and Freshwater Research, 63, 788–800.
Purandara, B.K., Varadarajan, N., & Kumar, C.P. (2004). Application of chemical mass balance to water quality data of Malaprabha River. Journal of Spatial Hydrology, 4 (2), 1-23.
Ribaudo, M.O., Heimlich, R., Claassen, R., & Peters, M. (2001). Least-cost management of nonpoint source pollution: source reduction versus interception strategies for controlling nitrogen loss in the Mississippi Basin. Ecological Economics, 37, 183–197.
Rodrigues, V., Estrany, J., Ranzini, M., Cicco, V., Martín-Benito, J., Hedo, J., & Lucas-Borja, M. (2018). Effects of land use and seasonality on stream water quality in a small tropical catchment: the headwater of Córrego Água Limpa, São Paulo (Brazil). Science of The Total Environment, 622/623, 1553–1561.
Sabzevari, Y., Heidari Motlagh, A., & Nasrolahi A.H. (2020). Investigating the long-term annual and seasonal changes in river quality (case study: Aleshtar River). Environment and Water Engneering, 5(4), 292–303 (in Persian).
Shi, P., Zhang, Y., Li, Z.B., Li, P., & Xu, G.C. (2017). Influence of land use and land cover patterns on seasonal water quality at multi-spatial scales. Catena, 151, 182–190.
Shoemaker, C.M., Ervin, G.N., & Diorio, E.W. (2017). Interplay of water quality and vegetation in restored wetland plant assemblages from an agricultural landscape. Ecological Engineering, 108, 255–262.
Sohrabizadeh, Z., Sharifi Moghadam, E., & Hakimzadeh Ardakani, M.A. (2018). Analysis of trend of water quality changes in Talar river basin using non-parametric Man-Kendall method. Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 9(3), 1-20 (in Persian).
Talebi, A., Elmi, M.R., Rajabi Mohammadi, F., & Parvizi, S. (2019). Trend investigation of water quality variations in Zayande-Roud River during dry and wet years. Environment and Water Engineering, 4(4), 310–320 (in Persian).
Xu, G., Li, P., Lu, K., Tantai, Z., Zhang, J., Ren, Z., & Cheng, Y. (2019). Seasonal changes in water quality and its main influencing factors in the Dan River basin. Catena, 173, 131-140.‏
Zielinski, M., Dopieralska, J., Belka, Z., Walczak, A., Siepak, M., & Jakubowicz, M. (2016). Sr isotope tracing of multiple water sources in a complex river system, Notec River, central Poland. Science of the Total Environment, 548, 307–316.
Water and Soil Management and Modelling
Volume 2, Issue 3
September 2022
Pages 79-93

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 February 2022
  • Revise Date: 16 March 2022
  • Accept Date: 16 March 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics